{"id":95,"date":"2019-08-12T17:55:38","date_gmt":"2019-08-12T21:55:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/?p=95"},"modified":"2023-05-09T12:26:33","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T16:26:33","slug":"dietary-sources-of-chromium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/dietary-sources-of-chromium\/","title":{"rendered":"Chromium: Reference and Dietary Sources"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">On this page<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a157e5faf66e\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a157e5faf66e\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/dietary-sources-of-chromium\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/dietary-sources-of-chromium\/#Adequate_Intakes_AIs_for_Chromium\" >Adequate Intakes (AIs) for Chromium<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/dietary-sources-of-chromium\/#Selected_Food_Sources_of_Chromium\" >Selected Food Sources of Chromium<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/dietary-sources-of-chromium\/#References\" >References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we describe:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>the major purposes of this specific nutrient in the human body,&nbsp;<\/li><li>its experimentally confirmed health uses,&nbsp;<\/li><li>conventional ways to estimate nutrient status,<\/li><li>nutrient\u2019s toxicities and deficiencies,<\/li><li>experimentally confirmed and approved levels of the nutrient intake for different demographics,<\/li><li>dietary sources of the nutrient.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Chromium is a mineral that humans require in trace amounts, although its mechanisms of action in the body and the amounts needed for optimal health are not well defined. It is found primarily in two forms: 1) trivalent (chromium 3+), which is biologically active and found in food, and 2) hexavalent (chromium 6+), a toxic form that results from industrial pollution. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chromium has long been of interest for its possible connection to various health conditions. Among the most active areas of chromium research are its use in supplement form to treat diabetes, lower blood lipid levels, promote weight loss, and improve body composition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chromium is known to enhance the action of insulin, a hormone critical to the metabolism and storage of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in the body. In 1957, a compound in brewers\u2019 yeast was found to prevent an age-related decline in the ability of rats to maintain normal levels of sugar (glucose) in their blood. Chromium was identified as the active ingredient in this so-called \u201cglucose tolerance factor\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chromium also appears to be directly involved in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. As chromium, added at doses of 150 to 250 mcg\/day for up to two weeks, corrected diabetes symptoms, it is now routinely added to intravenous solutions. However, there are reports of significant age-related decreases in the chromium concentrations of hair, sweat and blood, which might suggest that older people are more vulnerable to chromium depletion than younger adults. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reports of actual chromium deficiency in humans are rare, and few serious adverse effects have been linked to high intakes of chromium. Unfortunately, blood, urine, and hair levels do not necessarily reflect body chromium stores. Furthermore, no chromium-specific enzyme or other biochemical marker has been found to reliably assess a person\u2019s chromium status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Assessment of nutritional balance <\/strong>brings<strong> cost-effective immediate answers<\/strong> when your client:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Feels stressed, tired, depressed<\/li><li>Takes prescription meds but cannot alleviate symptoms<\/li><li>Wants to achieve optimal wellness, prevent chronic disease, and manage aging process<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\">Nutri-IQ<\/a>\u2122 <\/strong>is a unique tool that helps Wellness Professionals to easy and conveniently  identify clients\u2019 <strong>nutritional gaps <\/strong>as possible causes for clients\u2019 complaints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adequate_Intakes_AIs_for_Chromium\"><\/span><strong>Adequate Intakes (AIs) for Chromium<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no RDA established for Chromium. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Age<\/th><th>Infants and children<br \/>(mcg\/day)<\/th><th>Males<br \/>(mcg\/day)<\/th><th>Females<br \/>(mcg\/day)<\/th><th>Pregnancy<br \/>(mcg\/day)<\/th><th>Lactation<br \/>(mcg\/day)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>0 to 6 months<\/td><td>0.2<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7 to 12 months<\/td><td>5.5<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1 to 3 years<\/td><td>11<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4 to 8 years<\/td><td>15<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9 to 13 years<\/td><td><\/td><td>25<\/td><td>21<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14 to 18 years<\/td><td><\/td><td>35<\/td><td>24<\/td><td>29<\/td><td>44<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19 to 50 years<\/td><td><\/td><td>35<\/td><td>25<\/td><td>30<\/td><td>45<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&gt;50 years<\/td><td><\/td><td>30<\/td><td>20<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>mcg = micrograms<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Selected_Food_Sources_of_Chromium\"><\/span>Selected Food Sources of Chromium<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Chromium is widely distributed in the food supply, but most foods provide only small amounts (less than 2 micrograms [mcg] per serving). Meat and whole-grain products, as well as some fruits, vegetables, and spices are relatively good sources. In contrast, foods high in simple sugars (like sucrose and fructose) are low in chromium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dietary intakes of chromium cannot be reliably determined because the content of the mineral in foods is substantially affected by agricultural and manufacturing processes and perhaps by contamination with chromium when the foods are analyzed. The table below provides approximate values of chromium in foods that should only serve as a guide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Food<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Micrograms (mcg)<\/strong><strong>per serving<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Percent DV*<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Broccoli, \u00bd cup<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>31<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grape juice, 1 cup<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>23<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>English muffin, whole wheat, 1<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>11<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mashed potatoes, 1 cup<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dried garlic, 1 teaspoon<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dried basil, 1 teaspoon<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Beef cubes, 3 ounces<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orange juice, 1 cup<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Turkey breast, 3 ounce<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Whole wheat bread, 2 slices<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Red wine, 5 ounces<\/td><td>1\u201313<\/td><td>3\u201339<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Unpeeled apple, 1 medium<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Banana, 1 medium<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Green beans, \u00bd cup<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>*DV = Daily Value. <\/li><li>The DV for chromium used for the values above is 35 mcg for adults and children age 4 years and older. <\/li><li>Foods providing 20% or more of the DV are considered to be high sources of a nutrient, but foods providing lower percentages of the DV also contribute to a healthful diet.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Elson Haas. \u201cStaying Healthy with Nutrition\u201d<\/li><li>U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Chromium-HealthProfessional\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Chromium-HealthProfessional\/<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chromium is widely distributed in the food supply, but most foods provide only small amounts (less than 2 micrograms [mcg] per serving). Meat and whole-grain products, as well as some fruits, vegetables, and spices are relatively good sources.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":517,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[103,104,102],"class_list":["post-95","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-minerals","tag-chromium-deficiency","tag-chromium-toxicity","tag-dietary-sources-of-chromium"],"aioseo_notices":[],"modified_by":"admin","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nutriiq.ca\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}